documentation:cdm:observation
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documentation:cdm:observation [2014/12/05 20:44] cgreich created |
documentation:cdm:observation [2017/09/25 15:02] (current) clairblacketer |
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| ===== OBSERVATION table ===== | ===== OBSERVATION table ===== | ||
| - | The Observation table captures clinical facts about a Person obtained in the context of examination, questioning or a procedure. Any data that cannot be represented by any other domains, such as social and lifestyle facts, medical history, family history, etc. are recorded here. | + | **THIS IS OUTDATED. All documentation is now on the [[https://github.com/OHDSI/CommonDataModel/wiki|github wiki]]. Please refer there or to the [[projects:workgroups:cdm-wg|CDM working group]] for more information** |
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| + | This table changed in version 5.1 of the OMOP CDM. The field observation_datetime was added. | ||
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| + | ----- | ||
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| + | The OBSERVATION table captures clinical facts about a Person obtained in the context of examination, questioning or a procedure. Any data that cannot be represented by any other domains, such as social and lifestyle facts, medical history, family history, etc. are recorded here. | ||
| ^Field^Required^Type^Description^ | ^Field^Required^Type^Description^ | ||
| |observation_id|Yes|integer|A unique identifier for each observation.| | |observation_id|Yes|integer|A unique identifier for each observation.| | ||
| |person_id|Yes|integer|A foreign key identifier to the Person about whom the observation was recorded. The demographic details of that Person are stored in the PERSON table.| | |person_id|Yes|integer|A foreign key identifier to the Person about whom the observation was recorded. The demographic details of that Person are stored in the PERSON table.| | ||
| |observation_concept_id|Yes|integer|A foreign key to the standard observation concept identifier in the Standardized Vocabularies.| | |observation_concept_id|Yes|integer|A foreign key to the standard observation concept identifier in the Standardized Vocabularies.| | ||
| - | |observation_date|Yes|Date|The date of the observation.| | + | |observation_date|Yes|date|The date of the observation.| |
| - | |observation_time|No|Time|The time of the observation.| | + | |observation_datetime|No|datetime|The date and time of the observation.| |
| |observation_type_concept_id|Yes|integer|A foreign key to the predefined concept identifier in the Standardized Vocabularies reflecting the type of the observation.| | |observation_type_concept_id|Yes|integer|A foreign key to the predefined concept identifier in the Standardized Vocabularies reflecting the type of the observation.| | ||
| |value_as_number|No|float|The observation result stored as a number. This is applicable to observations where the result is expressed as a numeric value.| | |value_as_number|No|float|The observation result stored as a number. This is applicable to observations where the result is expressed as a numeric value.| | ||
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| |qualifier_source_value|No|varchar(50)|The source value associated with a qualifier to characterize the observation| | |qualifier_source_value|No|varchar(50)|The source value associated with a qualifier to characterize the observation| | ||
| ==== Conventions ==== | ==== Conventions ==== | ||
| - | * Observations differ from Measurements in that they do not require a standardized test or some other activity to generate clinical fact. Typical observations are medical history, family history, the stated need for certain treatment, social circumstances, lifestyle choices, healthcare utilization patterns, etc. If the generation clinical facts requires a standardized testing such as lab testing or imaging and leeds to a standardized result, the data item is recorded in the MEASUREMENT table. If the clinical fact observed determines a sign, symptom, diagnosis of a disease or other medical condition, it is recorded in the CONDITION_OCCURRENCE table. | + | * Observations differ from Measurements in that they do not require a standardized test or some other activity to generate clinical fact. Typical observations are medical history, family history, the stated need for certain treatment, social circumstances, lifestyle choices, healthcare utilization patterns, etc. If the generation clinical facts requires a standardized testing such as lab testing or imaging and leads to a standardized result, the data item is recorded in the MEASUREMENT table. If the clinical fact observed determines a sign, symptom, diagnosis of a disease or other medical condition, it is recorded in the CONDITION_OCCURRENCE table. |
| - | * Valid Observation Concepts are not enforced to be from any domain. They still should be Standard Concepts (Concepts allowed to be recorded in any field called <entity>_concept_id), but they might well be from the Observation domain. | + | * Valid Observation Concepts are not enforced to be from any domain. They still should be Standard Concepts, and they typically belong to the "Observation" or sometimes "Measurement" domain. |
| - | * Even though Observations do not have a result, the clinical fact can be stated separately from the type of Observation in the value_as_number and value_as_concept_id fields. | + | * Observation can be stored as attribute value pairs, with the attribute as the Observation Concept and the value representing the clinical fact. This fact can be a Concept (stored in value_as_concept), a numerical value (value_as_number) or a verbatim string (value_as_string). Even though Observations do not have an explicit result, the clinical fact can be stated separately from the type of Observation in the value_as_ fields. |
| - | * Observation can be stored as attribute value pairs, with the attribute as the Observation Concept and the value representing the clinical fact. This fact can be a Concept (stored in value_as_concept), a numerical value (value_as_number) or a verbatim string (value_as_string) | + | * It is recommended for observations that are suggestive statements of positive assertion should have a value of "Yes" (concept_id=4188539), recorded, even though the null value is the equivalent. |
| + | * Valid Concepts of the value_as_concept field are not enforced, but typically belong to the "Meas Value" domain. | ||
| * For numerical facts a Unit can be provided in the unit_concept_id. | * For numerical facts a Unit can be provided in the unit_concept_id. | ||
| - | * For facts represented as Concepts no domain membership is enforced. | + | * For facts represented as Concepts no domain membership is enforced. |
| - | * Observations which appear to be suggestive statements of positive assertion might have a recorded value_as_concept of ‘Yes’ (concept_id=), such as . This is equivalent to an empty valid_as_concept field. | + | * Note that the value of value_as_concept_id may be provided through mapping from a source Concept which contains the content of the Observation. In those situations, the CONCEPT_RELATIONSHIP table in addition to the "Maps to" record contains a second record with the relationship_id set to "Maps to value". For example, ICD9CM V17.5 concept_id 44828510 "Family history of asthma" has a "Maps to" relationship to 4167217 "Family history of clinical finding" as well as a "Maps to value" record to 317009 "Asthma". |
| * The qualifier_concept_id field contains all attributes specifying the clinical fact further, such as as degrees, severities, drug-drug interaction alerts etc. | * The qualifier_concept_id field contains all attributes specifying the clinical fact further, such as as degrees, severities, drug-drug interaction alerts etc. | ||
| * The Visit during which the observation was made is recorded through a reference to the VISIT_OCCURRENCE table. This information is not always available. | * The Visit during which the observation was made is recorded through a reference to the VISIT_OCCURRENCE table. This information is not always available. | ||
| * The Provider making the observation is recorded through a reference to the PROVIDER table. This information is not always available. | * The Provider making the observation is recorded through a reference to the PROVIDER table. This information is not always available. | ||
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documentation/cdm/observation.1417812261.txt.gz · Last modified: 2014/12/05 20:44 by cgreich
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