Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics

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===== Glossary of Terms =====
**THIS IS OUTDATED. All documentation is now on the [[https://github.com/OHDSI/CommonDataModel/wiki|github wiki]]. Please refer there or to the [[projects:workgroups:cdm-wg|CDM working group]] for more information**

^Term^Abbr.^Description^
|Ancestor| |The higher level Concept in a hierarchical relationship. Note that ancestors and descendants can be many levels apart from each other.|
|Average Wholesale Price|AWP|The price manufacturers set for prescription drugs to be purchased at the wholesale level to pharmacies and healthcare provider.|
|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC|The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services. It works to protect public health and safety by providing information to enhance health decisions.|
|Common Data Model|CDM|The CDM intends to facilitate observational analyses of disparate healthcare databases. The CDM defines table structures for each of the data entities (e.g., Persons, Visit Occurrence, Drug Exposure, Condition Occurrence, Observation, Procedure Occurrence, etc.). It includes observational data elements that are relevant to identifying exposure to various treatments and defining condition occurrence. The CDM includes both the Standardized Vocabularies of terms and the entity domain tables.|
|Concept| |A concept is the basic unit of information. Concepts may be grouped into a given domain. A concept is a unique term that has a unique and static identifier/name, belongs to a domain, and may exist in relation to other concepts. The vertical relationships consist of "is a" statements that form a logical hierarchy. In general, concepts above a given concept are referred to as ancestors and those below as descendants.|
|Conceptual Data Model| |A conceptual data model is a map of concepts and their relationships. This describes the semantics of an organization and represents a series of assertions about its nature. Specifically, it describes the things of significance to an organization (entity classes), about which it is inclined to collect information, and characteristics of (attributes) and associations between pairs of those things of significance (relationships).|
|Data mapping| |It is the data element mappings between two distinct data models, terminologies, or concepts. Data mapping is the process of creating data element mappings between two distinct data models. Data mapping is used as a first step for a wide variety of data integration tasks.|
|Demographics| |Demographics refer to selected characteristics of persons. Demographics may include data such as race, age, sex, date of birth, location, etc.|
|Descendant| |The lower level Concept in a hierarchical relationship. Note that ancestors and descendants can be many levels apart from each other.|
|Design Principle| |An organized arrangement of one or more elements or principles for a purpose. It identifies core principles and best practices to assist developers to produce software. Thoroughly understanding the goals of stakeholders and designing systems with those goals in mind are the best approaches to successfully deliver results.|
|Electronic Health Record|EHR|Electronic health record refers to an individual person's medical record in digital format. It may be made up of electronic medical records from many locations and/or sources. The EHR is a longitudinal electronic record of person health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting. Included in this information are person demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports.|
|Electronic Medical Record|EMR|An electronic medical record is a computerized medical record created in an organization that delivers care, such as a hospital or outpatient setting. Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage, retrieval and manipulation of records. This document will reference EHR moving forward even if specific data source might internally use EMR definition.|
|Extract Transform Load|ETL|Process of getting data out of one data store (Extract), modifying it (Transform), and inserting it into a different data store (Load).|
|Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act|HIPAA|A federal law that was designed to allow portability of health insurance between jobs. In addition, it required the creation of a federal law to protect personally identifiable health information; if that did not occur by a specific date (which it did not), HIPAA directed the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to issue federal regulations with the same purpose. DHHS has issued HIPAA privacy regulations (the HIPAA Privacy Rule) as well as other regulations under HIPAA.|
|Logical Data Model| |Logical data models are graphical representation of the business requirements. They describe the things of importance to an organization and how they relate to one another, as well as business definitions and examples. The logical data model can be validated and approved by a business representative, and can be the basis of physical database design.|
|Primary Care Provider|PCP|A health care provider designated as responsible to provide general medical care to a patient, including evaluation and treatment as well as referral to specialists.|
|Protected Health Information|PHI|Protected health information under HIPAA includes any individually identifiable health information. Identifiable refers not only to data that is explicitly linked to a particular individual (that's identified information). It also includes health information with data items which reasonably could be expected to allow individual identification. De-identified information is that from which all potentially identifying information has been removed.|
|Terminology| |Technical or special terms used in a business or special subject area.|
|Vocabulary| |A computerized list (as of items of data or words) used for reference (as for information retrieval or word processing).|