Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics

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====== PPI (Participant Provided Information) ======

PPI is a coding system for questionnaires and self-completed surveys, that is provided by the All of Us Research Program.

===== Source =====
 
All PPI information is manually obtained from the All of Us PPI Codebook. 

===== Layout =====

PPI Questionnaire layout consists of Modules, Topics, Questions, and Answers. 

^ PPI source type value  ^ Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ^
| Module                 | A superior PPI entity representing a thematic set of topics, questions, and answers.  \\ Currently, the following Modules are available: \\ 1) Consent PII\\ 2) Refresher Consent\\ 3) EHR Consent PII\\ 4) Family History\\ 5) Personal Medical History\\ 6) Healthcare Access & Utilization\\ 7) Lifestyle\\ 8) Overall Health\\ 9) The Basics\\ 10 PMI  |
| Topic                  | A semantic module section containing a thematic set of questions or answers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| Question               | A multiple-choice or open-ended question requesting information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| Answer                 | An answer representing a defined statement or free text                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |

===== Concept Names =====

PPI source names are represented in a “display” field. However, to avoid concept name duplicates, modified PPI names have been made through the parsing of their source codes (values of a “pmi_code” field). Original “display” values were put into the CONCEPT_SYNONYM table. 

===== Standard concept =====

If a PPI concept has a standard LOINC or SNOMED equivalent, it is considered to be Non-standard.
If a PPI concept does not have a standard LOINC or SNOMED equivalent,  it is considered to be Standard.

===== Domains and Concept Classes =====

^ PPI source type value  ^ Concept Class         ^ Domain        ^
| Module                 | Module                | Observation   |
| Topic                  | Topic                 | Observation   |
| Question               | Question              | Observation   |
| Answer                 | Answer                | Observation   |
| Protocol modification  | PPI Modifier          | Observation   |
| Physical measurement   | Clinical Observation  | Measurement   |

===== Internal PPI relationships =====

A purpose of Internal PPI relationships is to build a PPI Hierarchy, which makes it easier to understand the relations between PPI concepts of different types.

^ Relationship                                ^ From                      ^ To                                                                                                  ^ Reverse Relationship  ^
|  PPI parent code of                         | PPI Module                | - Respective PPI Topic\\ - Respective PPI Question\\ - Respective PPI Answer                        |  Has PPI parent code  |
| :::                                         | PPI Topic                 | - Respective PPI Topic\\ - Respective PPI Question\\ - Respective PPI Answer                        | :::                   |
| :::                                         | PPI Question              | - Respective PPI Topic\\ - Respective PPI Question\\ - Respective PPI Answer                        | :::                   |
| :::                                         | PPI Answer                | - Respective PPI Question OR Topic                                                                  | :::                   |
|  Answer of (PPI)                            | PPI Answer                | - Respective Standard PPI Question                                                                  |  Has answer (PPI)     |
|  Maps to                                    | PPI Module                | The same PPI Module as a Standard concept                                                           |  Mapped from          |
| :::                                         | PPI Topic                 | The same PPI Topic as a Standard concept                                                            | :::                   |
| :::                                         | PPI Question              | The same PPI Question as a Standard concept                                                         | :::                   |
| :::                                         | PPI Modifier              | The same PPI Modifier as a Standard concept                                                         | :::                   |
| :::                                         | PPI Clinical Observation  | The same PPI Clinical Observation as a \\ Standard concept                                          | :::                   |
|  Maps to (obligatory with "Maps to value")  | PPI Answer                | Standard PPI Question or Topic                                                                      |  Mapped from          |
|  Is a                                       | PPI Topic                 | - Parental Standard PPI Module \\ - Parental Standard PPI Topic\\ - Parental Standard PPI Question  |  Subsumes             |
| :::                                         | PPI Question              | - Parental Standard PPI Module \\ - Parental Standard PPI Topic\\ - Parental Standard PPI Question  | :::                   |
===== External PPI relationships =====
 
A purpose of Internal of External PPI relationships is the following: 
  * to build PPI-LOINC-SNOMED hierarchical crosswalks based on the Internal PPI Hierarchy. 
  * to simplify s cross-analysis of patient-related information with a context of combined use of the PPI and such a coding system as either the LOINC or SNOMED.

^ Relationship                                ^ From                      ^ To                                                                                 ^ Reverse Relationship  ^
|  Answer of (PPI)                            | PPI Answer                | Standard LOINC/SNOMED equivalent of a parental Non-standard PPI Question           |  Has answer (PPI)     |
|  Maps to                                    | PPI Question              | Standard LOINC/SNOMED equivalent                                                   |  Mapped from          |
| :::                                         | PPI Clinical Observation  | Standard LOINC/SNOMED equivalent                                                   | :::                   |
|  Maps to (obligatory with "Maps to value")  | PPI Answer                | Standard LOINC/SNOMED equivalent of a parental Non-standard PPI Question or Topic  |  Mapped from          |
|  Maps to value (obligatory with "Maps to")  | PPI Answer                | Standard LOINC/SNOMED equivalent of an Answer value                                |  Value mapped from    |
|  Is a                                       | PPI Question              | Standard LOINC/SNOMED equivalent of a parental PPI concept                         |  Subsumes             |
| :::                                         | PPI Topic                 | Standard LOINC/SNOMED equivalent of a parental PPI concept                         | :::                   |
===== Hierarchical crosswalks =====

The PPI Hierarchical crosswalks include only standard concepts. A PPI standard concept value depends on the existence of an equivalent mapping either to the SNOMED or LOINC. In turn, a standard SNOMED/LOINC equivalent, if present, takes place of a non-standard PPI concept in the Internal PPI Hierarchy and adopts all its ancestors and descendants. 

===== Mapping logic =====
**1) Mapping of PPI Questions.** 
Note, that for the answers-containing Topics the same logic was used.
{{ :documentation:vocabulary:1.png?400 |}}

**2) Mapping of Answers**
{{ :documentation:vocabulary:2.png?800 |}}

**3) Mapping of Measurements**
{{ :documentation:vocabulary:3.png?400 |}}
Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics

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